Growth and Development of Characters: Gustad Noble and Elaine Risley Essay

So as to adjust in an ever-evolving society, overflowing with kindheartedness and interest, an individual must have the option to adjust to separating environmental factors. The human psyche and body must wrestle with upsetting recollections or exciting shows of life. These musings are directed through different feelings. Feelings are physical or mental articulations, regularly automatic, identified with emotions, discernments or convictions about components, articles or relations between them, as a general rule or in the creative mind. The development and change of any element can't be evenhandedly physical, yet in addition mental quality and knowledge. Past experience of any way hues the individual for eventual fate of steady change. Gustad Noble of Rohinton Mistry’s Such A Long Journey and Elaine Risley of Margaret Atwood’s Cat’s Eye exhibit the example of the â€Å"circle of life†: karma, religion, loved ones. The perusers can envision humble ways of life developing in the wake of unexpected changes. These alterations have the characters scrutinizing their ethical heart as their life diagrams towards unfamiliar waters. The authors’ understandings of these practical circumstances build a model for the perusers to pass judgment on their ways of life by. Mistry and Atwood utilize scholarly gadgets, lingual authority, and astute pleasantry to improve the perusing experience for the crowd. The perusers witness the heroes turning out to be better people through difficulty, as they beat unanticipated difficulties. Eastern and Western social orders are so unique from various perspectives, but there are a few components that are all inclusive: selling out, affection, empathy, family, and companionship. The accentuation of Elaine and Gustad’s battles makes a dream that their catastrophes are the readers’ disasters also. The focal topic of the two books is the need to grasp feelings, particularly bitterness, and not to run from them and furthermore their alternate points of view of progress and disengagement. It delineates that life has a lot of obstructions, yet with constancy and assurance, they can be survived. In the storylines of the two books, kinship and disloyalty become very apparent and express. In Cat’s Eye, Elaine Risley permits her body and psyche to be manhandled by her alleged â€Å"friends† and to scrutinize her feeling of character. This prodding by the young ladies, Cordelia, Grace, and Carol, breaks Risley’s confidence and leads her to receive upset propensities, for example, stripping her skin, gnawing her nails, and biting her hair. In the fallout of the scaffold episode, Elaine goes to bat for herself and steps forward for opportunity the girls’ torment and torment. Acknowledgment comes smashing down on her, of how she had succumbed to the dream of bogus fellowship. Her youth was scarred from all the enthusiastic torment she persevered. Correspondingly, in Such A Long Journey, Gustad Noble had likewise accepted he had been sold out by his dearest companion, Major Jimmy Bilimoria. The Major had sent him a huge total of cash to be stored in the bank, anyway it was cash as far as anyone knows to be utilized to help revolts in East Pakistan in its war exertion. Gustad first idea it would be a brave strategic, the military, however he before long understands the threat he is bringing to his family and profession. Dissimilar to Elaine, who was sincerely joined to her â€Å"best friends†, Bilimoria’s activities came as an unexpected stun. Jimmy resembled family to the Nobles, the kids regarded and cherished him, and gave such a great amount of satisfaction to all. In the first place, he withdrew without a farewell and afterward left the Noble family into a snare of double dealing. Gaustad has his doubts, however considers this to be a trial of faithfulness to his old companion. His whole family was against it, and generally, so was he. Nonetheless, Gustad would not let his friend’s call go unanswered, yet required a little influence. In the two circumstances, the perusers need to connect and help, and cause the trial to appear to be less confused, yet the two characters are genuinely joined to their companions. With regards to whether kinship was of significance, Elaine and Gustad remain on inverse sides. Gustad was the more receptive of the two, in any event, demonstrating appreciation to the intellectually precarious Tehmul, while Elaine avoided Cordelia physical, yet was as yet shaken by her past injuries. Gustad doesn't incline toward change as his life in the past is depicted as heaven to him. It is with change, comes issues. He accuses the subject of progress of causing his child not to go to IIT, as his child has changed into an alternate individual from before who doesn't regard him. He additionally accuses the subject of progress for Jimmy’s double-crossing as Jimmy in the past was viewed as the â€Å"loving brother† however now, he centers around misleading Gustad to pick up his own narrow minded objectives. Gustad’s hesitance to change is additionally stressed by the dark divider which speaks to his life in the past during the war, and by leaving those on his windows he underlines that he needs things to be similarly as how they were in those days. The dark divider is another symbolist component used to speak to change, despite the fact that Gustad is nauseated by its impactful scent, he doesn’t need the divider to be obliterated as it is simply the wellspring of his disconnection and isolates himself from the remainder of the world. In actuality, with Elaine, change is practically consistent all through the novel. Her enduring in the possession of Cordelia, Grace, and Carol have left her scrambling for answers and scrutinizing her feeling of personality. As she develops into a grown-up, her eerie recollections of her youth keep on remaining with her. Consistent flashbacks help her to remember the past, and how she defeated it. The marble of the cat’s eye is utilized to speak to change, as it resembled a charm that shielded Elaine from her past difficulties. Previously, it was Cordelia who held the high ground in their relationship, yet as they became grown-ups, Elaine acknowledged how both their lives finished in totally opposing ways. Since everything didn't go her way from before, everything must be flawless later on, and in this manner steady change. Both Elaine and Gustad investigate the idea of memory and character, and how experience of the present is shaded by past occasions. Otherworldliness and religion additionally sway the development and advancement, as it plays an essential topic in the lives of Elaine and Gustad. As the world appeared to crash down on him, for example, Roshan’s ailment, Sohab’s mentality towards going to IIT, Major Jimmy’s issue and his squabble with a neighbor, Gustad would consistently go to his petitions to take care of these issues. In Hinduism and Christianity/Catholicism, an individual of unadulterated heart is constantly recognized with favorable luck, and this was shown with both Gustad and Elaine. Elaine can be delineated as a foreigner from the beginning of her appearance in Toronto, changed truly and intellectually. She was raised as a kid, growing up with her sibling Stephen, and was keen on unexpected things in comparison to what â€Å"normal† young ladies might want. Different young ladies utilized Elaine like a lower being, so as to like their below average appearance. The passionate agony Elaine felt was restored with the guide of the Virgin Mary. One can envision the Virgin Mary talking through Elaine as she dismissed Cordelias’ requests, liberating her from her jail of uncalled for treatment. In like manner, Gaustad and his kusti permitted him also beat the different snags throughout his life. For instance, his penance to spare an elder’s life left him just with a minor limp, as his companion Major Bilimoria spared him from broad harms. Likewise, as the pressure mounted to its top on Gustad, the perusers can undoubtedly distinguish his Gustad’s adversities started turning the other way; Roshan recouping, Sohab returning, and learning of Jimmy’s genuine themes of the cash. One can envision the mass of celestial creatures, a thought of Gustad himself, lightened these weights. This divider turned into a sanctuary itself, as gave an assorted mental solace to those to take a gander at it. Gustad would consistently applaud the road craftsman who breathed life into this landmark, as it portrayed the profound creatures that the humans revered to thrive in different parts of life. Confidence is quite often the first thing individuals go to in quite a while of need and very extraordinary in both Elaine and Gustad’s cases. Elaine didn't have faith in any predominant creatures, until Grace welcomed her to go to chapel. It’s unconventional on the grounds that a short time later, as she appeals to Jesus, that she is requesting her petitions are conceded. She envisioned God as somebody who might answer every one of her issues instantly. As a general rule, at times life doesn’t turn your direction constantly, and Elaine didn't realize that. This might be the reason she changed over into a Catholic and venerated the Virgin Mary. Gustad, despite what might be expected, appears to have been a strict man since his youth. His beloved recollections were fantasizing about securing a mansion and warding off winged serpents with his consecrated kusti. In the current time period of the novel, the perusers learn innumerable individuals made it theirs. The divider had a specific quieting air about it, and that it is his wake-up routine to ask before he initiates whatever else. Albeit both Gustad and Elaine’s musings upon confidence and religion are very unique, one can say that it was divine mediation that supported them all through the entirety of their difficulties and languishing. Uniqueness or autonomy can be characterized as the state or nature of being liberated from coercion or from the impact, control, or direction of people, things, or circumstances. Gustad and Elaine feel the need of disconnection, and restricting themselves in their psyches, without communicating inward feelings for a dominant part of the books. The perusers can observer the development of Gustad’s character as the novel advances, before a great many issues started to sum. One can just envision the inward torment he feels as Roshan becomes sick, Sohrab resisting his fa

Marketing Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Showcasing Plan - Essay Example Likewise, it is a games drink which hydrates human body too gives ensured extra 6 hours of vitality for playing out the day by day exercises. This advertising plan is intended to be viable just in the United States and starting at now the organization doesn't have any designs to work in the abroad market. The examination completed a nitty gritty investigation of the caffeinated drink market of USA so as to get a thought of the business condition. The investigation uncovered that the business is furiously serious because of the nearness of countless set up players. Nonetheless, Coca Cola being a built up firm will get certain points of interest in the market, for example, the brand personality and trust of purchasers. The momentary target of the organization is to make familiarity with the item and accomplish 2-5% of the piece of the overall industry before the finish of the first year. So as to accomplish it, the organization has been emphatically prescribed to utilize an assortment of special methods and seek after a serious estimating system. Likewise, serious circulation and going into a bargain with sports organizations has additionally been suggested. Circumstance Analysis Before the dispatch of another item in the market, it is fundamental to play out a careful investigation of the outside business condition of a nation. What's more, the industry wherein the business will work likewise should be surveyed. Aside from that it is likewise fundamental to survey the contenders and clients. The segments beneath will attempt to look at the previously mentioned factors and reach an inference dependent on which the showcasing methodology for the caffeinated drink will be structured. Portrayal of the Product The item which will be showcased is a caffeinated drink named as Hydra-Energy Shot. The item by and large falls into the classification of sports drink item and is intended for giving extra vitality to the customers. The item can be depicted as smooth in taste, contains included electrolyte, Vitamin B12 (for vitality), grouped natural product flavors and low in calorie. The item vows to give an extra 6 hours of vitality to the customers for playing out their standard exercises. Client Analysis A business can't work in empty and requires a base of clients for proceeding with activity and continuing in the commercial center over a significant stretch of time. The examination of the client is the account and assessing the information related with the necessities of customers just as market patterns. Hydra-Energy Shot will mainly target sportspersons. Moreover, the item is likewise focused for office goers and people who work out at various wellness communities. Caffeinated drinks for the most part falls into the gathering of useful refreshments and includes ‘nutraceutical’ and sports drinks. The portion of the equivalent is introduced in the figure underneath: - Figure 1 †Market Share breakdown of Functional Beverages (Sour ce: Heckman, Sherry and De Mejia, 2010) Sports drinks are basically intended to devour previously or during the procedure of activity in order to forestall any sort of drying out and flexibly starch and electrolytes for keeping up appropriate digestion in the framework (Coombes and Hamilton 2000). Smith Kline Beecham Energy and Sports Drinks Report recommends that in the USA, around 53% of the individuals who expends vitality or sports drinks are inside the age gathering of 14-34 years. At first, competitors are the sole buyers of caffeinated drinks, however the course of time and expanded mindfulness the market developed enormously and extended to other specialty fragments. An examination by Mintel (2009) made

Its 833 A.M. Do You Know Where Your Productivity Is

Its 833 A.M. Do You Know Where Your Productivity Is Its 8:33 a.m. and daylight is peeking through the windows.  So far this morning I wrote for three hours, read for half an hour, and exercised a bit: stretches, push-ups, pull-ups, and squatsâ€"my usual exercise regimen. In other words,  Ive already done a lot today, and yet theres still an entire day ahead of me. My secret? I dont do much. Seriously.  Sure, it  seems  like I do a lot of things, but I dont. To put is simply, people can be more productive by doing less. Rather than the normal productivity tropes of planning and scheduling, attempting to force production, we can get more things done by focusing on only the the important stuff first, working through the tasks that truly matter, embracing Real Priorities instead of engaging in fluid inactivity. Usually that means doing things thatre more difficult than wed like. For me, writing is difficult, exercise is hard, even reading is not passive. Virtually everything thats meaningfulâ€"everything worth doingâ€"requires a good amount of effort. But of course thats where all the reward is. Likewise, the passive tasksâ€"Facebook, email, television, etc.â€"are easy. And they are fine in small doses (Ill likely check my email for 30 minutes today or tomorrow, and Ill certainly spend a few minutes on Twitter ). But theres no long-term reward for passivity, just a beer gut and an empty existence. Later today Ill walk five or ten miles, wandering the streets of Missoula. And Ill spend time with friends, correspond with my writing students, and even squeeze in some more writing and reading time tonightâ€"all active tasks that require more from me than the boob tube, with an exponentially higher payoff. Feel free to do likewise. Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

Hum Quiz - 1302 Words

HUM 112 Quiz two 1. Why does the vase in Ode on a Grecian Urn fascinate John Keats? The eternal beauty of its art 2. Why did Frederick Douglass eventually break away from the Anti-Slavery Society? Concern that their doctrine would dissolve the Union 3. Why did the philosophes alienate themselves from the Church? Intolerant of hierarchy and ritual 4. Why does Fragonard paint the young lady in The Swing as losing a shoe? To symbolize virginity loss 5. Why do many of Fra To validate her role as Louis XVs most trusted advisor 6. Why in the mid-eighteenth century did art criticism begin? To enable tourists to appreciate and understand art 7. Why is the music that arose in reaction to the Rococo†¦show more content†¦A vocal chorus 47. Which Wordsworth poem is considered to be the fullest statement of the Romantic imagination? Tintern Abbey 48. Which historic figure was considered the personification of the Romantic hero? Napoleon 49. Who inspired Thomas Jeffersons argument for fre edom in the Declaration of Independence? John Locke 50. Who introduced Western art techniques to the Chinese? The Jesuits 51. According to Jean-Jacques Rousseau, why did people lose the natural goodness with which they were born? Society and civilization corrupted them 52. According to German philosopher Immanuel Kant, what was the Enlightenments precondition? Freedom 53. According to Ralph Waldo Emerson, what was transcendentalisms fundamental principle? The spirits oneness with nature 54. According to French philosopher Auguste Comte, society passes through what three stages on its quest for knowledge? Theological, metaphysical, and positive 55. As discussed in the chapters Continuity and Change section, what might Thà ©odore Gà ©ricault have aimed to capture in his series of portraits of the insane? The downtrodden and forgotten 56. In Jean-Antoine Watteaus The Signboard of Gersaint, why is a portrait of Louis XIV being placed in a storage box? Louis did not support the Enlight enment 57. In France, what triggered the events leading to revolution? The national debt 58. In A Defense of Poetry, what did PercyShow MoreRelatedHum 111 Quiz Chapters 10,11,12,131468 Words   |  6 PagesThis quiz consist of 40 multiple choice questions. The first 10 questions cover the material in Chapter 9. The second 10 questions cover the material in Chapter 10. The third 10 questions cover the material in Chapter 12. The last 10 questions cover the material in Chapter 13. Be sure you are in the correct Chapter when you take the quiz. Question 1 .2 out of 2 points Why did the Spanish Jews welcome the Muslim invasion?Answer Selected Answer: The Visigoth rulers had persecuted themRead MoreStep by Wicked Step1684 Words   |  7 Pages Colin: Mum, then when will dad be here? Mum: Soon. 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Mary Ann Shadd Cary - Abolitionist and Journalist

Creative Ads Motivates People to Drink Water Free Essays

Creative Ads Motivates People to Drink Water Creative Ads Motivates People to Drink Water It is well known that water is one of the most essential elements for all organisms, especially human beings. However, even though people realize how important water is for them they do not drink their daily-recommended amount of water. Therefore, organizations form water campaigns to encourage people to drink 8 to 12 glasses per day, which maintains the body’s hydration. We will write a custom essay sample on Creative Ads Motivates People to Drink Water or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nevertheless, most people believe that water campaigns are uninteresting, which makes them ineffective. Evian and Nestle are water companies that try to market their products through their ads that motivate people to drink more water so that they live young and healthy. Furthermore, the commercials grab people’s attention by using creative and artistic ideas that send to customers the same message that the water campaigns but in a fast and creative way, which convince people to buy bottled water even though they can consume it for free. Nestle is one of the world’s largest food companies that also sells mineral water marketed by an inspired advertisement. This Nestle Pure life water TV commercial starts with a picture of the Nestle bottle of water and the question  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Why does your body need 8 glasses a day of Nestle Pure Life†. The background of the advertisement is both blue and white which matches the nestle bottle of water. Although water is colorless, the Nestle Company probably chose blue because it is used almost always to represent the purity of water (Kalyan Meola, 2005). The background includes a large picture of the number 8, which represents the number of glasses of water people should drink daily, and it is illustrated in an artistic way since it is also blue and include reflections on the number’s edges. The question â€Å"Why does your body need 8 glasses a day of Nestle Pure Life† is answered by a short video that explains the importance of hydration. The second part of the advertisement starts with a brunette model who seems to be in her thirties. The model’s skin color and facial features do not indicate a particular nationality, which allows this ad to be shown in different countries that can relate to it. In the third part of the advertisement the model starts to drink the water and takes us on a tour that demonstrates the model’s respiratory and digestive system in a creative way. Additionally, the Nestle water becomes an image of a waterfall in a tropical jungle. I believe that using a forest in this ad sends a message to customers that the Nestle water company products are natural. Besides that, the ad includes a family playing in the waterfall, and that is a way to motivate and attract people, especially young children, to live healthy and drink Nestle Pure Water. What grabbed my attention is that the waterfall is circulating around numerous kinds of red and pink flowers that are arranged in the shape of the human heart. Using pink flowers for the heart will convince people that drinking 8 glasses of water is necessary for the body’s health. Moreover, while watching the video ad I discovered that it creates an illusion of a human body out of nature such as the body’s lungs, which are represented by various tropical plants, and the intestine, which is created from a waterfall. Finally, the model turns out to be a mother with a healthy body shape standing with her son and husband in a green mountain range area. The Mother is wearing a purple top with a bright pink 3-quarter trouser, which suits the layout of the advertisement. Furthermore, both the father and his son are wearing shorts only that show us their healthy figure that means that Nestle Pure Water keeps the body healthy. Obviously, Evian is a brand of mineral water that uses creativity in order to market its pure water. The ‘Live Young’ Evian water advertisement shows many people wearing a t-shirt that creates the illusion that these models have the body of an infant. Although the phrase ‘Live Young’ usually refers to being adventurous, using this illusion sends the message that bottled water companies try to achieve which is the purity of their products. Babies, as newborns, are pure because most of them lack diseases and stress. Looking at the layout of the advertisement, the white background makes the advertisement very positive as it represents calmness and purity; besides, it makes the models’ white T-shirts fade into the light background, which makes the baby bodies seem real. Furthermore, the advertisement’s models are of various ethnicities, which allow more people to relate to it, and help the ad become globally well known since it can be displayed in any country. Besides that, most models are young, yet others are older, which motivates older customers to buy Evian water too. Furthermore, what grabbed my attention is that all of the models have healthy looking bodies, which suggests that drinking Evian Pure Water will keep you not only young but also healthy. The song â€Å"Wordy Rappinghood† is used to form a high-spirited mood as the models move to the beat. Additionally, the models in the commercial are active, and doing different things like drinking water, looking at their shirts, laughing and playing with their hair. All in all, water has always been the source of life for humans. However, people do not actually drink the amount water needed for their body. Therefore, the water companies try to break the routine of water campaigns by creating new artistic commercials that motivate people to become healthier by drinking water and to by their pure bottled water rather than drinking free tap water. Nestle Pure Water and Evian Water Company commercials are great examples since they both market their products and influence people to live a healthy life. References Duncan. (2011, April 20). Evian Babies Are Back to Live Young. Retrieved from http://theinspirationroom. com/daily/2011/evian-babies-are-back-to-live-young/ Meola, K. V. (2005). The Psychology of Color. Hohonu , 3, 2. Nestle Pure Life Natural Spring Water. (n. d. ). Retrieved May 27, 2011, from http://www. nestle-waters. ca/en/ourbrands/pure_life. htm How to cite Creative Ads Motivates People to Drink Water, Essays

Creative Ads Motivates People to Drink Water Free Essays

Creative Ads Motivates People to Drink Water Creative Ads Motivates People to Drink Water It is well known that water is one of the most essential elements for all organisms, especially human beings. However, even though people realize how important water is for them they do not drink their daily-recommended amount of water. Therefore, organizations form water campaigns to encourage people to drink 8 to 12 glasses per day, which maintains the body’s hydration. We will write a custom essay sample on Creative Ads Motivates People to Drink Water or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nevertheless, most people believe that water campaigns are uninteresting, which makes them ineffective. Evian and Nestle are water companies that try to market their products through their ads that motivate people to drink more water so that they live young and healthy. Furthermore, the commercials grab people’s attention by using creative and artistic ideas that send to customers the same message that the water campaigns but in a fast and creative way, which convince people to buy bottled water even though they can consume it for free. Nestle is one of the world’s largest food companies that also sells mineral water marketed by an inspired advertisement. This Nestle Pure life water TV commercial starts with a picture of the Nestle bottle of water and the question  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Why does your body need 8 glasses a day of Nestle Pure Life†. The background of the advertisement is both blue and white which matches the nestle bottle of water. Although water is colorless, the Nestle Company probably chose blue because it is used almost always to represent the purity of water (Kalyan Meola, 2005). The background includes a large picture of the number 8, which represents the number of glasses of water people should drink daily, and it is illustrated in an artistic way since it is also blue and include reflections on the number’s edges. The question â€Å"Why does your body need 8 glasses a day of Nestle Pure Life† is answered by a short video that explains the importance of hydration. The second part of the advertisement starts with a brunette model who seems to be in her thirties. The model’s skin color and facial features do not indicate a particular nationality, which allows this ad to be shown in different countries that can relate to it. In the third part of the advertisement the model starts to drink the water and takes us on a tour that demonstrates the model’s respiratory and digestive system in a creative way. Additionally, the Nestle water becomes an image of a waterfall in a tropical jungle. I believe that using a forest in this ad sends a message to customers that the Nestle water company products are natural. Besides that, the ad includes a family playing in the waterfall, and that is a way to motivate and attract people, especially young children, to live healthy and drink Nestle Pure Water. What grabbed my attention is that the waterfall is circulating around numerous kinds of red and pink flowers that are arranged in the shape of the human heart. Using pink flowers for the heart will convince people that drinking 8 glasses of water is necessary for the body’s health. Moreover, while watching the video ad I discovered that it creates an illusion of a human body out of nature such as the body’s lungs, which are represented by various tropical plants, and the intestine, which is created from a waterfall. Finally, the model turns out to be a mother with a healthy body shape standing with her son and husband in a green mountain range area. The Mother is wearing a purple top with a bright pink 3-quarter trouser, which suits the layout of the advertisement. Furthermore, both the father and his son are wearing shorts only that show us their healthy figure that means that Nestle Pure Water keeps the body healthy. Obviously, Evian is a brand of mineral water that uses creativity in order to market its pure water. The ‘Live Young’ Evian water advertisement shows many people wearing a t-shirt that creates the illusion that these models have the body of an infant. Although the phrase ‘Live Young’ usually refers to being adventurous, using this illusion sends the message that bottled water companies try to achieve which is the purity of their products. Babies, as newborns, are pure because most of them lack diseases and stress. Looking at the layout of the advertisement, the white background makes the advertisement very positive as it represents calmness and purity; besides, it makes the models’ white T-shirts fade into the light background, which makes the baby bodies seem real. Furthermore, the advertisement’s models are of various ethnicities, which allow more people to relate to it, and help the ad become globally well known since it can be displayed in any country. Besides that, most models are young, yet others are older, which motivates older customers to buy Evian water too. Furthermore, what grabbed my attention is that all of the models have healthy looking bodies, which suggests that drinking Evian Pure Water will keep you not only young but also healthy. The song â€Å"Wordy Rappinghood† is used to form a high-spirited mood as the models move to the beat. Additionally, the models in the commercial are active, and doing different things like drinking water, looking at their shirts, laughing and playing with their hair. All in all, water has always been the source of life for humans. However, people do not actually drink the amount water needed for their body. Therefore, the water companies try to break the routine of water campaigns by creating new artistic commercials that motivate people to become healthier by drinking water and to by their pure bottled water rather than drinking free tap water. Nestle Pure Water and Evian Water Company commercials are great examples since they both market their products and influence people to live a healthy life. References Duncan. (2011, April 20). Evian Babies Are Back to Live Young. Retrieved from http://theinspirationroom. com/daily/2011/evian-babies-are-back-to-live-young/ Meola, K. V. (2005). The Psychology of Color. Hohonu , 3, 2. Nestle Pure Life Natural Spring Water. (n. d. ). Retrieved May 27, 2011, from http://www. nestle-waters. ca/en/ourbrands/pure_life. htm How to cite Creative Ads Motivates People to Drink Water, Essays

An Elitest Constitution Essay Example For Students

An Elitest Constitution Essay Did the American Constitution embody the principles outlined in the Declaration of Independence? The prima facie answer would be yes. Looking deeper and remembering that during the Age of Empires the world ran on money, force of arms and enlightened self-interest, that the answer is now it depended on who you were. Application of the occasional Machaivellian twist to some of the Founding Fathers decisions will be used to support this view point. The Declaration of Independence said that men were entitled as a Creator given right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. And that as long as a government did not infringe upon these it could have the obedience of the people. The document was influenced by philosophers such as Montesquieu and Thomas Paine notably his Common Sense. The famous phrase life liberty and the pursuit of happiness was inspired by the Second Treaties on Government writen by the English jurist Locke. Although in Lockes version, the last word was one more in keeping with reality than revolutionary rhetoric it was property. In 1787 representatives of the 13 states met in Philadelphia to revise the articles of confederation. These representatives were mostly from towns on or near the coast and also ranked amongst the financially successful of the time. Indeed 40 out of the 55 were owed money by the treasury department. Instead they created a new totally new national government And the democratic society that Americans had fought for on the War of Independence was to shortly become an elitist capitalistic republic. So what was wrong with the Confederation and also the colonial system they had just broken away from ? Madison said, referring to the Confederation, A government which relies on thirteen independent sovereignties for the means of its existence, is a solecism in theory and a mere nullity in practice cited by Mitchell(1975) Under British rule the founding fathers had seen the effects where any one branch of a government managed to wield too much power and wanted they to create a system where such ministerial abuse would be impossible. Contrasting this was how to balance the freedom of the citizen from interference from central government while maintaining a system that protected the rights of minorities from an abuse of majority rule in a republican structure without exposing the government to the dangers of mob rule. The delegates considered that the states of the Confederation were too democratic; in that political experience was open to all. The states body politic saw nothing wrong with interfering with the economy if it benefited the members of said body politic. This complicated trade. The British economist Adam Smith had argued that as wealth increased in scope, government would have to perform still greater services on behalf of the propertied class. From a commercial point of view there was no standardised currency with states issuing their own paper money subject to fluctuating exchange values. The state legislative was run for the benefit of each state first and then other members of the Confederation. Added to this was the militancy of the often heavily indebted agrarian class who had taken to disrupting sales of foreclosed lands, freeing their peers from debtors prison and the occasional food riot. The most famous of these incidents being Shays Rebellion. The delegates at Philadelphia decided to design a new system. According to one Maryland delegate 21 out of 55 initially favoured some form of monarchy but that would never get past popular opinion. The writings of Montesquieu on the separation of powers (that he mistakenly saw in the British government) inspired the Philadelphia convention to adopt a structure where the national executive, legislative and judiciary where totally separate. No one branch of government could act without the co-operation of another. Also the division of power was such that no branch could expand its authority without infringing on that of ano ther branch thus encountering fierce resistance. In Madisons words, cited by Leas(1983) p36, Ambition must be made to counteract ambition. Then within the federal government power was diffused vertically by the people granting certain powers to the state and others on to the national government. National power would be checked by State .u5fed8c4ba2928196558d80d80d0f2563 , .u5fed8c4ba2928196558d80d80d0f2563 .postImageUrl , .u5fed8c4ba2928196558d80d80d0f2563 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5fed8c4ba2928196558d80d80d0f2563 , .u5fed8c4ba2928196558d80d80d0f2563:hover , .u5fed8c4ba2928196558d80d80d0f2563:visited , .u5fed8c4ba2928196558d80d80d0f2563:active { border:0!important; } .u5fed8c4ba2928196558d80d80d0f2563 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5fed8c4ba2928196558d80d80d0f2563 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5fed8c4ba2928196558d80d80d0f2563:active , .u5fed8c4ba2928196558d80d80d0f2563:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5fed8c4ba2928196558d80d80d0f2563 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5fed8c4ba2928196558d80d80d0f2563 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5fed8c4ba2928196558d80d80d0f2563 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5fed8c4ba2928196558d80d80d0f2563 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5fed8c4ba2928196558d80d80d0f2563:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5fed8c4ba2928196558d80d80d0f2563 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5fed8c4ba2928196558d80d80d0f2563 .u5fed8c4ba2928196558d80d80d0f2563-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5fed8c4ba2928196558d80d80d0f2563:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Actions bring Consequences Essay

Can Breaking the Law Ever Be Justified Essay Example

Can Breaking the Law Ever Be Justified? Paper Can breaking the law ever be justified? Imagine a world without those brave people who dared to not abide by the law and fight for a right. A world without Gandhi would be a world without independent India; without Mandela there would be white superiority in Africa; without freedom fighters, there would be no democracy in Nepal. I believe that all the actions of such law breakers are good, even though they were against various laws, and such actions can be justified to some extent. Even though laws are meant to maintain order and protect rights, it is not always justified; some might be unfair to minorities whereas others might stir up a revolution. Some just violate human rights. In such cases, civil disobedience might be necessary. â€Å"Freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor; it must be demanded by the oppressed† said Martin Luther King Jr. The righteousness of revolt is shown by this remark made by a great revolutionary himself. Indeed, so much of justice has been served through revolutions. Gandhi, in India chased the British away through non-violent methods. Marching on, producing salt and breaking the law, Gandhi took a stubborn stance, without violent means, showing that they would not handle the British rule anymore. This established a happier independent India. Similarly, Mandela broke the racial barrier in South Africa, by breaking the law he helped in establishing greater good. Another major reason for breaking the law is because of one’s religion or culture. We will write a custom essay sample on Can Breaking the Law Ever Be Justified? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Can Breaking the Law Ever Be Justified? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Can Breaking the Law Ever Be Justified? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The French law has recently banned wearing the Islamic attire called ‘niqab’. An extreme effort to bring equality into the Muslim society, it is equally an imposition to women’s freedom. People put religion before law in some cases and rightfully so. It is not moral for the law to tell someone what not to wear; it is taking the freedom of choice away. It is a violation of human rights and not at all worthy of being called an offense. Similarly, public nudity is also taken as an offense to the law in many places. I do not think that shedding clothes will do more harm than create arguments among couples passing by. It is just a way showing the love of nature to many and there is no reason why it is wrong to do so. Likewise, PETA activists might have done a nude rally to raise awareness against wearing fur clothing. An act like this would be a justifiable reason to break the law. More than breaking the law, it is an animal rights awareness campaign which should lie higher than the nudity law. There are also cases where law breaking becomes a compulsion, which is when it comes to life and death. The hierarchy of law should be taken into account. Saving somebody’s life is always of more importance than obeying civil laws. For example, if a person is severely injured and the closest hospital is across the border in another country, then illegally crossing the border should not be the main concern, saving the person’s life should and in such cases law breaking is most definitely justifiable. However, breaking the law is not always justified. Vigilantism and Terrorism are two major issues where groups or individuals claim to be providing justice or freedom. Vigilantes like the Ku Klux Klan are basically extremists who try to bring justice by exterminating wrong doers, while in doing so they are violating greater laws. To some they are freedom fighters and to others they are terrorists. Other extremists like the Jihadists are even worse; they conduct violent bombings and self sacrifices in the name of religion destroying innocent lives along with their own. Both these acts are terrorizing rather than justifying. These terrorist and Vigilantes don’t seem to realize that before acting as saviors they are completely violating human rights. Personalities, heroes like Gandhi, Mandela and King will always be necessary. Times are changing and with them so will the wants of people. With time there will be more conflict and as a last resort there will always be room for justice even while breaking the law.

Differences Between Probability and Statistics

Differences Between Probability and Statistics Probability and statistics are two closely related mathematical subjects. Both use much of the same terminology and there are many points of contact between the two. It is very common to see no distinction between probability concepts and statistical concepts. Many times material from both of these subjects gets lumped under the heading â€Å"probability and statistics,† with no attempt to separate what topics are from which discipline. Despite these practices and the common ground of the subjects, they are distinct. What is the difference between probability and statistics? What Is Known The main difference between probability and statistics has to do with knowledge. By this, we refer to what are the known facts when we approach a problem. Inherent in both probability and statistics is a population, consisting of every individual we are interested in studying, and a sample, consisting of the individuals that are selected from the population. A problem in probability would start with us knowing everything about the composition of a population, and then would ask, â€Å"What is the likelihood that a selection, or sample, from the population, has certain characteristics?† Example We can see the difference between probability and statistics by thinking about a drawer of socks. Perhaps we have a drawer with 100 socks. Depending upon our knowledge of the socks, we could have either a statistics problem or a probability problem. If we know that there are 30 red socks, 20 blue socks, and 50 black socks, then we can use probability to answer questions about the makeup of a random sample of these socks. Questions of this type would be: â€Å"What is the probability that we draw two blue socks and two red socks from the drawer?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"What is the probability that we pull out 3 socks and have a matching pair?†Ã¢â‚¬ What is the probability that we draw five socks, with replacement, and they are all black?† If instead, we have no knowledge about the types of socks in the drawer, then we enter into the realm of statistics. Statistics help us to infer properties about the population on the basis of a random sample. Questions that are statistical in nature would be: A random sampling of ten socks from the drawer produced one blue sock, four red socks, and five black socks. What is the total proportion of black, blue and red socks in the drawer?We randomly sample ten socks from the drawer, write down the number of black socks, and then return the socks to the drawer. This process is done five times. The mean number of socks is for each of these trials is 7. What is the true number of black socks in the drawer? Commonality Of course, probability and statistics do have much in common. This is because statistics are built upon the foundation of probability. Although we typically do not have complete information about a population, we can use theorems and results from probability to arrive at statistical results. These results inform us about the population. Underlying all of this is the assumption that we are dealing with random processes. This is why we stressed that the sampling procedure we used with the sock drawer was random. If we do not have a random sample, then we are no longer building upon assumptions that are present in probability. Probability and statistics are closely linked, but there are differences. If you need to know what methods are appropriate, just ask yourself what it is that you know.

US foreign policy during the Iraq Iran war Essay

US foreign policy during the Iraq Iran war - Essay Example The foreign policy of America is very influential to the world since it is the only super power left. The US foreign policy towards Iraq was illegitimate since it contravened the procedures and justifications provided by the United Nation’s charter. The UN charter stipulates clearly the procedures that should be followed by a country to perpetrate coercion or violence to another state. The UN charter is the only legitimate basis that a country can use to attack another sovereign state since it has been reached through consensus by the member states forming the United Nations. The United States of America acted in total disregard of this charter and used its influence in the world to attack the regime of Saddam Hussein, condemning it of threatening the world peace. Iraq was supported by America during its war with Iran; it was assisted both financially and technologically. The US supported Saddam despite the fact that it knew that it was Iraq that had invaded Iran as a result o f border disputes which had been in existence for several years. The US used its foreign policies in an attempt to solve the crisis but was biased since it decided to support one side.The war was also as a result of suspicions of Shia insurgency which was influenced largely by the revolution in Iran. The United States of America supported the Iraq government and as a result about half a million people died comprising soldiers from both countries and civilians too. A lot of economic loss was also lost, the US which was supposed to use its foreign policies to enable it to effectively play the role of big brother to help the two countries resolve their differences, instead took sides in the war which only made matters worse. In fact, before the war began, American president, Carter, gave Saddam Hussein and his government the much needed green light for him to invade Iran. Zbigniew Brzezinski, the United States national security advisor met the Iraq president in Jordan so as to discuss how the two nations can join their efforts to oppose Iran on the issue of the border disputes which was the main contentious issue between the Iranians and the Iraqis (Gerber, Para 7-8). Brzezinski recommended in a memorandum, the destabilization of Iran by the US government by use of the surrounding countries. Although, the government of the united states of America denied any involvement in the Iraq-Iran war in the early 1980s, a few months before Iraq invaded Iran the US security advisor indicated that US was willing to work with Iraq. Just two months before Saddam Hussein invaded Iran, Brzezinski assured him that US was fully behind the Iraq government and that US was not opposed to the separation of the Khuzestan which was part of Iran. In this case the united states used their influence to attack Iran through Iraq and thus its foreign policies could not be said to be for the welfare of the world but for the good of the Americans and their allies and thus if a country is opposed to the opinion of the united states of America like Iran was in the 1980 war then it might be attacked either directly or through its neighbors by the US government (Gerber, Para 5). By the end of the US sponsored war both Iraq and Iran were devastated both economically and politically. The two countries had lost a lot of property and thousands of lives. Had the US kept off the war could not have reached such high magnitudes and thus such losses could have minimal. The US foreign policy in Iraq during the Iraq Iran war was favorable to the Iraqis but very unfavorable to the Iranians (Hiltermann, pp 180). US foreign policy during the 2003 Iraq war Things later changed when the regime of Saddam Hussein was blamed by the American government to threaten the world peace by manufacturing weapons of mass destruction. Again the

Discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 63

Discussion - Assignment Example Spreadsheet is also very easy to be configured for personal and professional usage (Protiviti, â€Å"Spreadsheet Risk Management†; Rost 1-5). Spreadsheet is an important application for financial as well as operational reporting procedure in organizations. In this context, spreadsheet is applied for different purposes that include account settlement, transaction conclusions and making the business models (Protiviti, â€Å"Spreadsheet Risk Management†). Additionally, it assists in managing the payroll and other related business operations in an effective manner. In the current complex business scenario, spreadsheet is used for managing compliance, risk as well as governance (Rost 1-5). Spreadsheet is also identified to possess certain limitation that can affect the performance of an organization largely. Spreadsheet is unreliable, as unauthorized users can access financial information without an approval, which raises security risk. Error in formulas of the spreadsheet can raise disputes for computing financial information (Rost 1-5). In this context, there should be software related to risk management, which will provide the embedded information with an expert solution. The ‘risk management software’ would manage the risk level associated with spreadsheet. In this respect, spreadsheet with the integration of risk management software would be effective in managing data with better integrity as well as reliability (Rost

Carbon Membranes from Polyamideimide and Polyetherimide

Carbon Membranes from Polyamideimide and Polyetherimide CARBON MEMBRANES FROM POLYAMIDEIMIDE AND POLYETHERIMIDE FOR NITROGEN AND METHANE SEPARATION AND ITS PARAMETER STUDY ABSTRACT Carbon membranes prepared from polyamideimide and polyetherimide were studied to find out the effects of different parameters on membrane characteristics. Their properties were analyzed to understand its scope in methane purification. Different compositions were tried to find out the optimum polymer composition as well as the optimum blend composition. They were pyrolyzed at various temperatures to study the effect of pyrolysis temperature on the morphology of the membrane. Efforts have been made for obtaining a narrow pore distribution as nitrogen and methane have comparable sizes. Analysis of the microstructure of membranes using XRD confirms the variations in chain packing density and d-spacing of polymer chains as a result of a change in pyrolysis temperature. CHN analysis revealed the percentage composition of different elements in the membrane as it was important to control amount of oxygen in the membrane. Glass transition temperature is found using DSC to confirm perfect blen ding of polymers. TGA has been done to find out how the polymer composition affects degradation temperature and to study the chemical changes occurring during pyrolysis. SEM images, both cross section, and surface have been taken to analyze pore structure of the membrane. Keywords: Polyetherimide, Polyamideimide, Pyrolysis, XRD, SEM, CHN. INTRODUCTION Membranes have been widely received as a promising technology in gas separation processes. This is due to its high reliability, low capital investment and low energy usage which overshadow conventional gas separation techniques such as cryogenic distillation, liquid absorption, pressure swing adsorption etc. These established conventional techniques are known for their complexity in processes and high energy intensity. For this reason, researchers are making efforts for an alternative way that promises to give high-cost effectiveness and easy handling (1). Polymer membranes have been widely studied for their application in gas separating units, but they always faced drawbacks like low thermal and chemical stability. Henceforth studies have been focused on carbon membranes, which are the novel and advanced type of membranes. They have been giving promising results ever since and marked a new benchmark for the selectivity of gasses. Excellent ability to withstand high temperature and chemicals made carbon membranes a new branch of study for the researchers to follow. (2) Carbon membranes are prepared by pyrolysing polymer membranes. Pyrolysis is the most significant step in the preparation of carbon membrane. There are different pyrolysis factors that affect membrane properties. During pyrolysis the parameters like pyrolysis temperature, heating rate, atmospheric condition, soaking time etc. can influence the transport properties of the membrane. These factors are chosen wisely based on the application of the membrane. (3) Material selection is the prime factor concerning in preparation of carbon membrane. There are wide varieties of precursor polymers available for preparation of carbon membrane (4). Selection of polymer is the important factor as pyrolysis of different polymer gives carbon membrane with entirely different properties. The precursor polymer should satisfy minimum criteria such as it should not soften nor liquefies during pyrolysis. It should be able to withstand high temperature (5). Polyamidimides and polyetherimides are being recently studied and are found to be giving satisfactory results due to its high melting point and thermal stability (6). Fuertes and Centeno used polyetherimide to prepare supported carbon membrane for gas separation (7). They conducted gas permeability studies for individual gasses as well as for many mixtures of gasses. They also used phenolic resins for their studies (8). Different polymers are always blended to effectively combine the desirable properties of the blending polymers. Gas separation properties of carbon membranes are enhanced while combining different materials. New studies are going on investigating the blending techniques for an optimized result (9). Pore size control is one of the most challenging factors in carbon membrane preparation. Nitrogen and methane is having a kinetic diameter of 3.6 °A and 3.8 °A respectively (10). So in order to separate them by molecular sieving very narrow pore distribution has to be obtained. To get very specific pore size, pyrolysis temperature was changed accordingly. Two types of polymers were chosen so as to understand the effect of individual polymer on membrane properties. Membrane parameters such as polymer concentration, pyrolysis temperature were varied to understand the morphological as well as chemical changes taking place in the membrane. Comparison of carbon membrane with polymer membrane was carried out, which showed interesting results that can be further used to study gas permeation properties of the membranes. Results revealed that these membranes can be used for the separation process of nitrogen from methane. EXPERIMENTAL Material Polyamideimide (PAI) polymer and Polyetherimide (PEI) polymer which are required for the preparation of polymer membrane were purchased from UTM, Malaysia. N-methyl 2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was the solvent used and it was purchased from Merck Life Science Private Limited, Mumbai, India. Methanol used for washing was bought from Titan Biotech Limited, Rajasthan, India.   Acetone was purchased from Merck Specialities Private Limited, Mumbai, India. All reagents were used without any further purification. Polymer Membrane Preparation Polymers that were chosen for preparation were polyamideimide and polyetherimide. The solvent used was N-Methyl-2- pyrolidone. The polymer concentration in NMP was varied from 2- 20 wt.% as shown in the Table 1. Different batches of polymer solution were prepared by dissolving the corresponding amount of polymer in 25ml NMP. Polyamideimide-polyetherimide ratio in the solution was varied as 25/75%, 50/50%, 75/25%, 0/100% and prepared different batches accordingly. For complete dissolution, the solution was kept for magnetic stirring for 3 hrs. The temperature was increased up to 80oC occasionally for 10 minutes, to avoid undissolved particles in the solution. Later the solution was sonicated in a sonication bath. The solution was then casted on a glass plate using a casting rod. The casting rode that was used has a dimension of 450ÃŽ ¼m. The glass plate was kept in the atmosphere for two days for evaporation of the solvent. Later it was kept inside a vacuum oven at 60oC for complete r emoval of NMP. Table 1: Polymer Batches Sample Code Total Polymer (%) PAI/PEI wt percentage (%) PM-01 2 25/75 PM-02 9 25/75 PM-03 12 25/75 PM-04 15 25/75 PM-05 18 25/75 PM-06 20 25/75 Carbon Membrane Preparation Polymer membrane was cut into a rectangular piece and transferred into an alumina crucible. It was then kept inside a tubular furnace by VBCC   for pyrolysis. It was a horizontal furnace with alumina tube. Nitrogen environment was chosen for pyrolysis. The flow rate of nitrogen was kept at 25ml/min. Polymer membranes with PAI/PEI composition of 25/75% was only further used for making carbon membrane as they showed good structural stability compared to other batches. For pyrolysis different protocols were followed. The protocols are as shown below, 1) 50 to 250 oC at a ramp rate of 13.3 Co/min.(2) 250 oC to (Tmax-15) oC at a ramp rate of 3.85 Co/min.(3) (Tmax-15) oC to Tmax oC at a ramp rate of 0.25 Co/min.(4) Soak at Tmax for 2 h. (11)   After pyrolysis, it was kept for natural cooling before taking out. The different batches of carbon membranes based on different pyrolysis protocol were prepared as given in the Table 2. Polymer membrane with 9% polymer concentration was the membrane used for studying different pyrolysis protocols. Table 2: Carbon Membrane Batches Sample Code Total Polymer (%) Pyrolysis Temperature(oC) CM-01 2 600 CM-600 9 600 CM-450 9 450 CM-800 9 800 CM-03 12 600 CM-04 15 600 CM-05 18 600 CM-06 20 600 Characterization of Synthesized Membranes Various techniques were employed for the characterization of polymer as well as their derivative carbon membranes. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used to find out glass transition temperature of polymer membranes and to study the blending of polymers. Under nitrogen atmosphere, scans from 50 to 450oC at the heating rate of 10oC/min were performed on a DSC Perkin Elmer model 6000. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to study the thermal degradation of the polymer membranes. Degradation temperature of the membrane, as well as the weight loss during the process, is analyzed. It was carried out on a TGA Perkin Elmer 4000 model, in nitrogen atmosphere at a flow rate of 30 mL min-1. The temperature range was from 50 up to 750 oC. X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) was used to study the structural changes in membrane due to variation in pyrolysis temperature. Perkin Elmer 1621 wide-angle X-ray diffractometer was the instrument used to study the microstructural changes in membrane. Using Braggs law the average d-spacing of the membrane was evaluated. It is as shown below, nÃŽ » = 2d sin ÃŽ ¸, where n is an integral number, ÃŽ » is the X-ray wavelength, d is for the inter-layer spacing between the polymer chains and ÃŽ ¸ is   the diffraction angle. CHN analysis was conducted to study the variation in the elemental composition with pyrolysis temperature. Elementar Vario EL was the equipment used here for analysis. Compostion of oxygen was found using separate apparatus. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to get pore size of the membrane as well as get a closer image of the membrane. JEOL Model JSM 6390LV is the model used for the analysis. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Physical properties Both PAI and PEI met the requirements for preparing carbon membrane with promising results. While contents of PAI in membrane made the membrane more brittle, which is due to its aromatic rings, (10) PEI gave structural support to the membrane. So PAI/PEI content was fixed at 25/75% for all the batches later on. As two polymers are used, the miscibility of the precursors has to be tested and glass transition temperature of the membrane was taken as the criteria for the evaluation. For the polymer blends, Tg was found to be in between of that of individual polymers. Tg of PEI and PAI are 217 °C and 280 °C respectively. And from the Table 3 it is clear that both the polymers are completely miscible and was perfectly blended together. Table 3: Glass Transition Temperature Sample Code PAI/PEI wt Percentage (%) Glass Transition Temperature (oC) PM-25 25/75 233 PM-50 50/50 249 PM-75 75/25 265 PM-100 0/100 219 Effect of polymer concentration on thermal characteristics   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Unlike polymer membrane, carbon membrane was thermally and chemically stable. Thermal stability is analyzed by TGA. TGA analysis of all polymer membranes is shown in Figure 1. It shows that concentration does not have much effect on degradation temperature of membranes. But it gives an insight into chose the pyrolysis protocol that has to be followed. There are different pyrolysis protocols for preparation of carbon membranes, based on type of precursors used, one protocol is fixed. Figure 1: Thermal analysis of Polymer Membranes Figure 1 illustrates the weight variation of polymer membranes during the heating process up to 800 °C. According to the TGA thermo-diagram, the degradation temperature (Td) is 550 °C and was defined as the temperature corresponding to 15% weight loss. This indicates the high thermal resistance of the membrane. The total weight loss at 800 °C, with 10 °/min heating rate, was approximately 60%. The enhanced thermal stability of the membrane highlights its quality as a precursor for the preparation of carbon molecular sieve membranes. Effect of polymer concentration on structure of membrane Figure 2: XRD of Carbon Membrane of different concentrations Effect of polymer concentration on structure of carbon membrane is shown in Figure 2. As the concentration of polymer was increased from 2% to 20%, peak intensification took place, resulting in a more compact structure. Pore size was reduced and membrane with higher packing density is formed. Effect of pyrolysis temperature on microstructure of membrane Structural analysis on carbon membranes was done by obtaining XRD spectra as a function of pyrolysis temperature. As shown in Figure 3, the XRD spectrum for membrane prepared at 450oC is a merger of two peaks at 22.7o and 18.8o. With increase in pyrolysis temperature, the peaks joined into a single but intensified peak with a shift toward the smaller pore sizes; indicating a decrement in average d-spacing. Figure 3: XRD of Carbon Membrane prepared at different temperatures d-spacing in carbon membrane refers to interlayer distances, with increase in temperature more compact structures are formed. 800  °C was found to be the optimum pyrolysis temperature as membrane having high density and packing efficiency are formed at this temperature. (1) Effect of pyrolysis temperature on membrane composition In order to study how pyrolysis temperature changed the chemical composition of the membrane, elemental analysis has been conducted for both polymers as well as carbon membrane. In Figure 4, the point zero in x-axis corresponds to precursor membrane and it has the lowest carbon content and they started to increase with increase in pyrolysis temperature. However other elemental contents like oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen was reduced with increase in temperature. Presence of oxygen compounds in the carbon membrane surface can make the membrane more hydrophilic and can cause swelling of membranes (11). For the better performance of carbon membrane oxygen content has to be less than 4% (12).When pyrolysis temperature in increased, oxygen content is reduced. Membrane prepared at 800oC has oxygen content less than 4%. So the effect of pyrolysis temperature on hydrophilictiy of the carbon membrane was tested to study the influence of oxygen in the membrane. From the Table 4 it is clear that as pyrolysis temperature is increased, amount of water absorbed is decreased, thus increasing the hydrophobic nature of carbon membranes. This can be explained by the reduction in oxygen containing group in membrane with pyrolysis temperature. Figure 4: Elemental analysis of membranes Table 4: Hydrophilicity of carbon membranes Sample-Code Pyrolysis Temperature ( °C) Wet weight of the membrane (g) Dry weight of the membrane (g) Amount of water absorbed (g) CM-450 450 0.0588 0.0553 0.0035 CM-600 600 0.0523 0.0503 0.0020 CM-800 800 0.0687 0.0607 0.0008 Morphology of Membranes The surface and cross-section morphologies of carbon membranes as well as polymer membranes were investigated by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) techniques. Surface image of polymer membrane is shown in Figure 6. It shows a smooth and defect free surface without any deformation. Cross section of the polymer membrane is also shown below. Compared to carbon membrane it does not have uniform pore distribution. All the pores are elongated pores and the membrane formed is very dense. Thickness of polymer membrane was found to be 250ÃŽ ¼m. The honey-comb structure of carbon membrane shows the pore structure in the membrane (Figure 5). It is clear from the image that the membrane is rich in pores and has quite a uniform pore distribution. The membrane was having a sponge-like matrix unlike polymer membrane. This uniform pore distribution allows carbon membrane to have high selectivity over polymer membrane.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (b) Figure 5: SEM images: (a) Top surface and (b) Cross section of Carbon Membrane   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (b) Figure 6: SEM images: (a) Top surface and (b) Cross section of PolymerMembrane CONCLUSION Different polymer blends were tried for the preparation of polymer membrane and membranes derived from Polyamideimde/Polyetherimide (25/75wt.%) exhibited more attractive performance than the other blends. Polymer concentration was varied from 2-20% and at 9%   it was found to be exhibiting best results. Polymer membranes prepared from PAI/PEI were transparent hydrophilic membranes. Polymer membranes were thermally unstable compared to carbon membrane and were found to have degradation temperature around 450oC. Complete miscibility of both the polymers was confirmed and the glass transition temperature of the polymer membrane was also found. For the preparation of carbon membrane different protocols were followed for pyrolysis, and 800oC was found to be the optimum temperature for pyrolysis. Thermal analysis of membrane had conducted, which proved the higher thermal stability of the carbon membrane. Morphological studies shows that carbon membrane prepared at 800oC have desirable pore size compared to other membranes prepared at lower temperatures. XRD studies of the carbon membrane showed that as temperature increases, more compact membranes are obtained, which decreases the permeability of the membrane. All the membranes have shown promising results that can be further investigated for gas separation studies. References 1. Carbon membranes from blends of PBI and polyimides for N2/CH4 and CO2/CH4. Seyed Saeid Hosseini, Tai Shung Chung. s.l. : Journal of Membrane Science, 2009, Vol. 328. 174-185. 2. A review on the latest development of carbon membranes for gas separation. A.F. Ismail, L.I.B. David. s.l. : J. Membr. Sci., 2001, Vol. 193. 1. 3. Fabrication of carbon membranes for gas separationa review. S.M. Saufi, A.F. Ismail. s.l. : Carbon, 2004, Vol. 42. 241-259. 4. Gas permeation through micropores of carbon molecular sieve membranes derived from kapton polyimide. Suda H, Haraya K. s.l. : Chem B, 1997, Vol. 101. 3988-94. 5. DH, Morthon-Jones. Polymer processing. London : Chapman and Hal, 1984. Chapter 2. 6. Relationship between chemical structure of aromatic polyimides and gas permeation properties of their carbon molecular sieve membranes. H.B. Park, Y.K. Kim, J.M. Lee, S.Y. Lee, Y.M. Lee. s.l. : J. Membr. Sci., 2004, Vol. 229. 117. 7. Carbon molecular sieve membranes from polyetherimide. Fuertes AB, Centeno TA. s.l. : Microporous Mesoporous Mater, 1998, Vol. 26. 23-6. 8. Supported carbon molecular sieve membranes based on phenolic resin. Centeno TA, Fuertes AB. s.l. : J Membr Sci, 1999, Vol. 160. 201-211. 9. Gas separation properties of carbon molecular sieve membranes derived from polyimide/polyvinylpyrrolidone blends: effect of the molecular weight of polyvinylpyrrolidone. Y.K. Kim, H.B. Park, Y.M. Lee. s.l. : of the molecular weight of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 2005, Vol. 251. 159. 10. Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, Dipak Rana, Takeshi Matsuura ,Henry C. Foley. Carbon-based Membranes for Separation Processes. London : Springer, 2011. 11. Carbon molecular sieve membranes derived from Matrimid polyimide for nitrogen/methane separation. Xue Ning, William J. Koros. s.l. : Carbon, 2014, Vol. 66. 5 1 1 5 2 2. 12. Interaction, miscibility and phase. E. Fà ¶ldes, E. Fekete, F.E. Karasz, B. Pukà ¡nszky. s.l. : Polymer, 2000, Vol. 41. 975. 13. Gas permeation and micropore structure of carbon molecular sieving membranes modified by oxidation. Kusakabe K, Yamamoto M, Morooka S. s.l. : J Membr Sci , 1998, Vol. 149. 59-67. 14. Characterization of ultramicroporous carbon membranes with. Jones CW, Koros WJ. s.l. : Ind Eng Chem Res, 1995, Vol. 34. 158-163.

Elementary Music Education Observation Essay

The class I observed is a grade 5 music class at Bellewood Public School with 25 students, the teacher is Mr. Bestien. Mr. Bestien mainly conduct his class in a question and answer format, where he asks the class a question and let the class figure out the answer. The class I observed was being taught to play Irish Washerwoman on a recorder in this lesson. Mr. Bestian asks the students to analyze the piece before letting them play; he asked the class â€Å"When looking at music, what comes first?† which leads to the new concept of 6-8 time. The teacher had the students clap the rhythm while counting the beats out loud and when students eventually lost track of where they are, as the piece is all 8th notes, so he asked the students what they can do to keep track of the beats. One student suggested that they can count and clap beat 1 and 4 extra loud, which then the teacher suggested the students to clap the rhythms again and stomp their feet on beat 1 and 4. Then the class revised the concept of pick up notes. After that, the teacher asked the class what is the key of the piece, revised on how to determine the key by looking at the key signature. The piece being taught is in F major so the class also did a revision on the fingering for B flat on the recorder, the teacher then have the students to cross check each other’s fingerings. It seems to me that Mr. Bestien is adapting more of a problem solving lesson plan, as he asked the students a lot of questions to get them think about the piece that they are about to learn. He is very observant about the weakness of the students, hence was able to ask other students what could be the solution for the problem. There were several other tricks that Mr. Bestien used in the class. When the class is not as engaged as they should be, he made the students stand up and sit down several times to get their blood to circulate better. He also taught the students a trick to remember the fingerings for notes with sharps, which I think would be very helpful, because as a grown up even Becca and I did not know about it. The trick is for example we want to play an A sharp, we first put down the fingerings for A (left thumb, index, and middle), then put two more fingers (left 4th, and right index) down directly below the lowest finger for A, than remove the middle finger from the hole, and that would become an A sharp which is enharmonic to B flat.

Shopaholism

Summery of Literature 1: This paper was starting with the shopping experience of Marie LaTortue who is shopaholics. She shops crazyly. However, the author did not be scared and wrote that† Marie scares me a little. Not because what she's saying sounds alien to me, but because I can see a bit of myself in her. † Moreover, the author was introduced shopaholism as a â€Å"sickness†, as she wrote Marie told her that. Then, she thinks that compulsive shopping is a disorder of classic american. Psychologist Emil Kraepelin is the first one to define excessive shopping as an illness, which is oniomania.Sociologist Ronald Faber also thinks that shopaholism is much like alcoholism. The same as Chicago psychoanalyst Robert Galatzer-Levy metioned compulsice shopping is a case of the ordinary pleasures. Nevertheless, University of Cincinnati psychiatry professor Susan McElroy, implys shopaholism as â€Å"irresistible, intrusive and/or senseless. † With the saying of Laur en Land, â€Å"There's no feeling that compares with the feeling I get when I hand over my credit card,†, The author mentioned the credit cards as one of the crimes led people to be shopaholics.In the part called â€Å" plastic fantastic†, it was talking about how do credit cards cost trobles and how much does it tend to make us spend more. The power is called â€Å"unreality principle†, and it â€Å" ‘decouple' the pain of paying for things from the pleasure of buying them†. People feel free when buy things. Later, the author told us that promise is a medicine, the â€Å"antidepressant Celexa† may help shoppers. Getting away of crdit cards and checkbook is a way of quit shopping.The last part â€Å" under mouse arrest† was talking about the online shopping, even if we do not go to shops on the streets, but still we could not stop shopping online. This paper is the one that introduced me what is shopaholism. reference of literature 2 P andey, K. K. & Pandey, M. & Kerwar, M. & Khare, A. & Singh, D. (2011). Is shopping addiction or overspending a real addiction? People’s Journal of Management, 71. Summery of Literature 2: In the paper, the author discussed about whether shopping is addiction?He regards shopping addiction as â€Å"Impulse Control Disorder†. For specifically, overspending is excessive, impulsive behaviors. Moreover,in his opinion, spending a lot of time or money on shopping is not shopping addiction. Later, he discussed the therapy of shopping addiction, such as doing therapy individually, cognitive-behavioral therapy as a group, counseling with your lovers, your husband or wife , counseling about your personal credit and management of your debt.Medication is also a way to help when someone behaves as disorder bipolarity, self- depression, which happens for half of the addicts. As an example, he talked about retail therapy. It is an elementary intention of improve shoppers' emotion. Addi tionally, even if shopaholics have not been defined as disorder patients, but still it may exist as mental patients. The difference between compulsive shopping and impulsive shopping is why they shop a lot. When shopaholics shop, they often shop unexpectedly, they feel anxious from the inside.In author's discussion, he thinks compulsive could also suffer more than impulsive shoppers from some bad results like monetary problems, disagreement of families, and hysterical astonishment. As a result, the author finds out that all addictions are used to get away from the problems the shoppers come across now. However, it is a way of getting more serial of problems. The reason why people become shopaholics is they did not get enough attention from their parents during the childhood , they did not feel confident, so they use shopping as emotional defend.In conclusion, he believes shopping addiction of overspending is an addiction, because the symptoms and the motivations of those shoppers us ually act as addictions. Summary of literature 3: In this paper, the author talks about how different shopaholics get away from crazy shopping. The person, Keisha is a worker at a mall, she goes to stores everyday during the lunchtime. She thinks simply that she is single with no kid, so she could afford herself to buy anything she wants. For the shopaholics like her always shop a lot and suffer a lot, then finally realize the problem and want to get away from shopping.

End Of Life Issues Assisted Suicide Essay - 2445 Words

End of Life Issues: Assisted Suicide The legal complexities regarding death and euthanasia are currently being worked through in the courts and state legislatures. Those in favor of assisted suicide argue that it is the ultimate right of self-determination and it upholds the individual’s right to make decisions about his or her dying process. Proponents believe that long-term suffering should not have to be endured and that individuals deserve the right to death with dignity and without excessive mental, physical, and spiritual degradation (Zastrow Kirst-Ashman, 2007). Opponents, meanwhile, assert that suicide is unethical and a mortal sin for which the deceased cannot receive forgiveness. They view assisted suicide as â€Å"assisted murder† and claim that modern healthcare can provide almost everyone a peaceful, pain-free, comfortable, and dignified end to life. There is also a fear of dying which includes pain, abandonment, and loss of control; all of which, opponents argue, hospices can alleviate (Zastrow Kirst-Ashman, 2007). These two differing viewpoints complicate the government’s ability to formulate legislation that both protects individual’s right to die and prevents wrongful deaths. Background and Context The attitudes and moral issues related to end of life decisions varied across time and cultures. According to Ian Dowbiggin (2003), â€Å"Throughout classical antiquity, there was widespread support for voluntary death as opposed to prolonged agony, and physiciansShow MoreRelatedAssisted Suicide For People With A Cid901 Words   |  4 Pageson what I know about assisted suicide, I do not support assisted suicide for people with a CID. The reason for my answer is that I cannot support an individual who would commit suicide, or request assisted suicide. The two are basically the same thing as an individual ending their life, because of a health and/or mental issue. We all were given life for a reason. It is not destined for all of us to live forever; it may or may not be possible. However, we are to live our life to the fullest, untilRead MoreAssisted Suicide Should Be Legal Medical Practice1611 Words   |  7 PagesAssisted should be a legal medical practice in the United States. T here is a lot of different opinions on this subject but; Is it really a question on if it’s the right thing to do? If a person is truly suffering and has no hope in getting better is it ok to end your on life; yes it is. Assisted Suicide is huge subject in our world right now, there are different types of assisted suicide but today we are going to focus on Physician-assisted suicide. 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Sometimes, due to the state of their injuries or conditions, those people are unable to end their own pain. It is in many of these cases that the patients request assistance in their suicides. This kind of request is like to happen in facilities where the patient receives long term or permanent care. Physician assisted suicide is a hotly contested issue. ThereRead MoreWhat Is Physician Assisted Suicide?939 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is Physician assisted suicide? Requests to end suffering through physician assisted suicide have occurred since the beginning of medicine. This technique to end ones life is very controversial and some argue that it should be legal while others argue otherwise. There are multiple advantages and disadvantages when it comes to physician assisted suicide. In physician assisted suicide, the physician provides the necessary means to end a patient’s life, but the patient themselves performs the actRead MoreLegalizing Assistive Suicide1278 Words   |  5 PagesAssistive suicide, also known as euthanasia, â€Å"is suicide committed by someone with assistance from others, typically to end suffering from a severe physical illness† (American Heritage Dictionary, 615). This action is most commonly committed between doctor and patient interactions. This controversial issue depicts suicides as a helpful solution to personally benefit terminally ill patients, as opposed to a forbidden social issue. Assistive suicide has become a major debate of legalization. â€Å"ThisRead MoreAssisted Suicide Is Not Common For All Areas Throughout The United States890 Words   |  4 PagesAssisted Suicide Imagine being diagnosed with a life-ending disease and experiencing such excruciating pain that doctors say cannot be healed. Pain is a terrible thing to experience, especially when it is permanent. What can be done to relieve that pain? What if the only option to rid the pain from the patient is death? No one knows how that feels until it happens to them, that is why assisted suicide is used. Assisted suicide is a practice throughout most of the United States that terminatesRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide, When Is It Acceptable?1709 Words   |  7 PagesPhysician-Assisted Suicide, When is it acceptable? Assisted suicide had raised issues of great importance in the society particularly the most controversial of all, the physician assisted suicide in the health care field. Since Oregon and other states implemented the legalization of physician assisted suicide, the debates continues. The U.S. Supreme Court decisions in 1997 and the Pain Relief Promotion Act of 2000 (H.R. 5544) have kept these topics on the policy of the national agenda, along with